3.0.0 Nouns
3.1.0 Simple Nouns
3.2.0 Complex Nouns
3.2.1 Compound Nouns
3.2.2 Verb plus -wI'/-ghach
3.2.3 Other complex nouns
3.3.0 Noun suffixes
3.3.1 Type 1: Augment, dimin, endear
3.3.2 Type 2: Number
3.3.3 Type 3: Qualification
3.3.4 Type 4: Possession/specification
3.3.5 Type 5: Syntactic markers
3.4.0 The noun-noun construction
3.5.0 Emphasizing Nouns
4.0.0 Verbs
4.1.0 Pronominal prefixes
4.2.1 Type 1: Oneself/one another
4.2.2 Type 2: Volition/predisposition
4.2.3 Type 3: Change/Resume
4.2.4 Type 4: Cause
4.2.5 Type 5: Indefinite subject/ability
4.2.6 Type 6: Qualification
4.2.7 Type 7: Aspect
4.2.8 Type 8: Honorific
4.2.9 Type 9: Syntactic markers
4.2.10 Relative ordering of the suffixes
4.3.0 Rovers
4.4.0 Adjectives
6.0.0 Syntax
6.1.0 Basic sentences
6.2.0 Complex sentences
6.2.1 Compound sentences
6.2.2 Subordinate clauses
6.2.3 Relative clauses
6.2.4 Purpose clauses
6.2.5 Sentences as objects
6.2.6 Nominalizer
6.3.0 "To be"
6.4.0 Questions
6.6.0 Comparatives and superlatives
6.7.0 Placement of adverbial elements
6.8.0 Indirect objects
6.9.0 Verbs of motion
6.10.0 Instead
6.11.0 Between
6.12.0 Speaking and Music
6.13.0 With
6.14.0 Should/Ought to
1.2.0
Vowels
Klingon has five primary vowels, each pronounced clearly and consistently. There are also combinations with w and y that are treated as diphthongs or vowel blends. These sounds are regular and never shift the way English vowels do.
a – 'at
Like "a" in psalm, never as in apple.
Like "a" in psalm, never as in apple.
e – 'et
Like "e" in pet.
Like "e" in pet.
I – 'It
Like "i" in bit.
Like "i" in bit.
o – 'ot
Like "o" in go.
Like "o" in go.
u – 'ut
Like "u" in prune.
Like "u" in prune.
Vowel + w Combinations
- aw – rhymes with English "cow"
- ew – like "e" in "bed" blended into a "w" (Elmer Fudd: “tewwible”)
- Iw – like "i" in "bit" run into "w"; close to "Eww!"
Vowel + y Combinations
- ay – rhymes with English "why"
- ey – rhymes with English "may"
- Iy – rhymes with English "key"
- oy – rhymes with English "boy"
- uy – like "gooey" but compressed into one syllable
Klingon vowels are always pronounced fully and never reduced. There's no vowel slurring or silent letters.