0. Introduction - Start Here
3 Nouns
3.1 Simple Nouns
3.2 Complex Nouns
3.2.1 Compound Nouns
3.2.2 Verb plus -wI'/-ghach
3.2.3 Other complex nouns
3.3 Noun suffixes
3.3.1 Type 1: Augmentative, diminutive
3.3.2 Type 2: Number
3.3.3 Type 3: Qualification
3.3.4 Type 4: Possession/specification
3.3.5 Type 5: Syntactic markers
3.4 The noun-noun construction
3.5 Emphasizing Nouns
4 Verbs
4.1 Pronominal prefixes
4.2.1 Type 1: Oneself/one another
4.2.2 Type 2: Volition/predisposition
4.2.3 Type 3: Change/Resume
4.2.4 Type 4: Cause
4.2.5 Type 5: Indefinite subject/ability
4.2.6 Type 6: Qualification
4.2.7 Type 7: Aspect
4.2.8 Type 8: Honorific
4.2.9 Type 9: Syntactic markers
4.2.10 Relative ordering of the suffixes
4.3 Rovers
4.4 Adjectives
6 Syntax
6.1 Basic sentences
6.2 Complex sentences
6.2.1 Compound sentences
6.2.2 Subordinate clauses
6.2.3 Relative clauses
6.2.4 Purpose clauses
6.2.5 Sentences as objects
6.2.5.1 Instead
6.2.5.2 Should/Ought to
6.2.6 Nominalizer
6.3 "To be"
6.4 Questions
6.6 Comparatives and superlatives
6.7 Placement of adverbial elements
6.8 Indirect objects
6.9 Verbs of motion
6.10 Between
6.11 With
6.12 Speaking and Quotations
6.13 Music
1
8. Empty
9 HolQeD
9.1.1 Some Comments on Orthography
9.1.2 An Interview with Marc Okrand
9.2.2 Letters to the Editor (excerpt)
9.2.4 Okrand's Notes
9.3.2 DS9 Skybox Card
9.3.3.1 Interview: Okrand on -ghach
9.3.3.2 chuvmey I
9.3.4 Everyday Klingon I
9.4.2.1 Interview: Okrand on {-bogh} and more
9.4.2.2 chuvmey II
9.4.3.1 Everyday Klingon II
9.4.3.2 Star Trek I Klingon
9.4.4 More from Maltz
9.5.1 A Note on Proverbs
9.5.2.1 More on Hoch
9.5.2.2 Everyday Klingon III
9.5.2.3 chuvmey III
9.5.3.1 The Tale of 'I'
9.5.3.2 Everyday Klingon IV
9.6.2 Everyday Klingon V
9.7.2 Maltz Online I
9.7.4 Interview with Marc Okrand
9.8.1 Maltz Online II
9.8.3 matlh juppu' mu'mey
9.8.4.1 Maltz Online III
9.8.4.2 Notes from Star Trek V
9.9.3 matlh jup mu'mey
9.9.4.1 Everyday Klingon VI
9.9.4.2 More from Maltz
9.10.2 A Friend of Maltz: {nItlhDu' yaDDu' je}
9.10.4 matlh juppu' mu'mey
9.11.2 matlh jup mu'mey
9.11.3.2 More From Maltz
9.11.4 Frasier's Klingon
9.12.2 Maltz's Reward: Part I
9.12.3 Maltz's Reward: Part II
9.12.4 Maltz’s Reward: Part III
9.13.1 Maltz's Reward: Part IV
10 Other Canon
10.1 Expressions
10.1.1 Sayings
10.1.1.1 Replacement Proverbs
10.1.1.2 Secrecy Proverbs
10.1.1.3 Holiday Proverbs
10.1.1.4 General Proverbs
10.1.2 Idioms
10.1.3 Toasts
10.1.4 Similes
10.1.5 Other Expressions
10.2 Dialogs
10.2.1 At the Hotel
10.2.2 Sightseeing
10.2.3 At the Restaurant
10.2.4 At the bar
10.2.5 Conducting Business
10.3 paq'batlh
10.3.1 The Ground Book
10.3.2 The Force Book
10.3.3 The Impact Book
10.3.4 The Epilogue
14. Linguistic Glossary
Two Klingon sentences can be combined into a compound sentence using conjunctions such as 'ej ("and"), 'ach ("but"), qoj ("and/or"), or pagh ("either/or"). Each part of a compound sentence must still be able to stand alone as a complete sentence.
- jISoptaH 'ej QongtaH - I am eating, and she is sleeping.
- jISoptaH 'ach QongtaH - I am eating, but he is sleeping.
- bISoptaH qoj bItlhutlhtaH - You are eating and/or you are drinking.
- bISoptaH pagh bItlhutlhtaH - You are either eating or you are drinking (but not both).
In English you can drop pronouns that would be repeated, so you could say "You are eating and/or drinking," Klingon explicitly repeats the prefixes as demonstrated above.
When nouns (rather than just prefixes) are used as subjects or objects, Klingon typically repeats these nouns in full:
-
yaS legh puq 'ej yaS qIp puq - The child sees the officer and the child hits the officer.
(Shorter English translation: "The child sees and hits the officer.")
Alternatively, pronouns can replace repeated nouns in the second part of the sentence:
- yaS legh puq 'ej ghaH qIp ghaH - The child sees the officer and she hits him.
When context clearly indicates meaning, pronouns can be omitted:
-
yaS vIlegh 'ej vIqIp - I see and hit the officer.
(Or more explicitly: "I see the officer and I hit him/her.")