3 Nouns
3.1 Simple Nouns
3.2 Complex Nouns
3.2.1 Compound Nouns
3.2.2 Verb plus -wI'/-ghach
3.2.3 Other complex nouns
3.3 Noun suffixes
3.3.1 Type 1: Augmentative, diminutive
3.3.2 Type 2: Number
3.3.3 Type 3: Qualification
3.3.4 Type 4: Possession/specification
3.3.5 Type 5: Syntactic markers
3.4 The noun-noun construction
3.5 Emphasizing Nouns
4 Verbs
4.1 Pronominal prefixes
4.2.1 Type 1: Oneself/one another
4.2.2 Type 2: Volition/predisposition
4.2.3 Type 3: Change/Resume
4.2.4 Type 4: Cause
4.2.5 Type 5: Indefinite subject/ability
4.2.6 Type 6: Qualification
4.2.7 Type 7: Aspect
4.2.8 Type 8: Honorific
4.2.9 Type 9: Syntactic markers
4.2.10 Relative ordering of the suffixes
4.3 Rovers
4.4 Adjectives
6 Syntax
6.1 Basic sentences
6.2 Complex sentences
6.2.1 Compound sentences
6.2.2 Subordinate clauses
6.2.3 Relative clauses
6.2.4 Purpose clauses
6.2.5 Sentences as objects
6.2.5.1 Instead
6.2.5.2 Should/Ought to
6.2.6 Nominalizer
6.3 "To be"
6.4 Questions
6.6 Comparatives and superlatives
6.7 Placement of adverbial elements
6.8 Indirect objects
6.9 Verbs of motion
6.10 Between
6.11 With
6.12 Speaking and Quotations
6.13 Music
1
9 HolQeD
9.1.1 Some Comments on Orthography
9.1.2 An Interview with Marc Okrand
9.2.2 Letters to the Editor (excerpt)
9.2.4 Okrand's Notes
9.3.2 DS9 Skybox Card
9.3.3.1 Interview: Okrand on -ghach
9.3.3.2 chuvmey I
9.3.4 Everyday Klingon I
9.4.2.1 Interview: Okrand on {-bogh} and more
9.4.2.2 chuvmey II
9.4.3.1 Everyday Klingon II
9.4.3.2 Star Trek I Klingon
9.4.4 More from Maltz
9.5.1 A Note on Proverbs
9.5.2.1 More on Hoch
9.5.2.2 Everyday Klingon III
9.5.2.3 chuvmey III
9.5.3.1 The Tale of 'I'
9.5.3.2 Everyday Klingon IV
9.6.2 Everyday Klingon V
9.7.2 Maltz Online I
9.7.4 Interview with Marc Okrand
9.8.1 Maltz Online II
9.8.3 matlh juppu' mu'mey
9.8.4.1 Maltz Online III
9.8.4.2 Notes from Star Trek V
9.9.3 matlh jup mu'mey
9.9.4.1 Everyday Klingon VI
9.9.4.2 More from Maltz
9.10.2 A Friend of Maltz: {nItlhDu' yaDDu' je}
9.10.4 matlh juppu' mu'mey
9.11.2 matlh jup mu'mey
9.11.3.2 More From Maltz
9.11.4 Frasier's Klingon
9.12.2 Maltz's Reward: Part I
9.12.3 Maltz's Reward: Part II
9.12.4 Maltz’s Reward: Part III
9.13.1 Maltz's Reward: Part IV
10 Other Canon
10.1 Expressions
10.1.1 Sayings
10.1.1.1 Replacement Proverbs
10.1.1.2 Secrecy Proverbs
10.1.1.3 Holiday Proverbs
10.1.1.4 General Proverbs
10.1.2 Idioms
10.1.3 Toasts
10.1.4 Similes
10.1.5 Other Expressions
10.2 Dialogs
10.2.1 At the Hotel
10.2.2 Sightseeing
10.2.3 At the Restaurant
10.2.4 At the bar
10.2.5 Conducting Business
10.3 paq'batlh
10.3.1 The Ground Book
10.3.2 The Force Book
10.3.3 The Impact Book
10.3.4 The Epilogue
Klingon has several short expressions that function as complete sentences. They are typically used as responses, commands, or strong emotional reactions.
ghobe' - No. (response to a question)
Ha' - Let's go! Come on!
HIja' or HISlaH - Yes. (response to a question)
lu' or luq - Yes. Okay. I will.
maj - Good. (expressing satisfaction)
majQa' - Very good! Well done!
nuqneH - What do you want? (common greeting)
pItlh - Done! Finished!
Qo' - No! I won't. I refuse.
SuH or Su' - Ready!
'eH - Ready!
toH - Well! So! (like "Aha!")
wejpuH - Charming! (used sarcastically)
Notes on Usage
- ghobe' and HIja'/HISlaH are most commonly used to answer questions formed by the verb suffix -'a'.
- HIja' and HISlaH (Yes) can be used interchangeably.
- nuqneH is described as a "greeting" but it does not work like "Hello" does, instead it should be used as a question when someone approaches you.
- SuH, Su', and 'eH all signal readiness, usually before giving a command (similar to "Ready! Set! Go!" in English). However, SuH and Su' (but not 'eH) can also mean the speaker is ready to perform an action or that preparations are complete.
- SuH may be pronounced as a long "SSS", like the English "shhh!" to call for silence.
- pItlh indicates an action or task has been completed, similar to saying "All done!" or "That's it!"
- toH expresses sudden realization or understanding, similar to "Aha!" or "Well then!" in English. It should not be used to start sentences like in the English "So I was walking down the path...".
Klingon Curses
Cursing in Klingon culture is considered an art form, featuring a wide range of colorful insults and general expressions of frustration.
Epithets (insults directed at people)
- petaQ
- toDSaH
- taHqeq
- yIntagh
- Qovpatlh
- ghuy'cha'
General Invective (expressions of anger or frustration)
- va / Qu'vatlh
- ghay'cha'
- baQa'
- Hu'tegh
- QI'yaH
va is a shortened form of Qu'vatlh, and both express frustration or anger. Additionally, the adverbial jay' can be used at the end of a sentence to add strong emotional intensity, often turning the phrase into an invective:
- qaStaH nuq jay' - What the #@%! is happening?