3 Nouns
3.1 Simple Nouns
3.2 Complex Nouns
3.2.1 Compound Nouns
3.2.2 Verb plus -wI'/-ghach
3.2.3 Other complex nouns
3.3 Noun suffixes
3.3.1 Type 1: Augmentative, diminutive
3.3.2 Type 2: Number
3.3.3 Type 3: Qualification
3.3.4 Type 4: Possession/specification
3.3.5 Type 5: Syntactic markers
3.4 The noun-noun construction
3.5 Emphasizing Nouns
4 Verbs
4.1 Pronominal prefixes
4.2.1 Type 1: Oneself/one another
4.2.2 Type 2: Volition/predisposition
4.2.3 Type 3: Change/Resume
4.2.4 Type 4: Cause
4.2.5 Type 5: Indefinite subject/ability
4.2.6 Type 6: Qualification
4.2.7 Type 7: Aspect
4.2.8 Type 8: Honorific
4.2.9 Type 9: Syntactic markers
4.2.10 Relative ordering of the suffixes
4.3 Rovers
4.4 Adjectives
6 Syntax
6.1 Basic sentences
6.2 Complex sentences
6.2.1 Compound sentences
6.2.2 Subordinate clauses
6.2.3 Relative clauses
6.2.4 Purpose clauses
6.2.5 Sentences as objects
6.2.5.1 Instead
6.2.5.2 Should/Ought to
6.2.6 Nominalizer
6.3 "To be"
6.4 Questions
6.6 Comparatives and superlatives
6.7 Placement of adverbial elements
6.8 Indirect objects
6.9 Verbs of motion
6.10 Between
6.11 With
6.12 Speaking and Quotations
6.13 Music
1
10 HolQeD
10.1.1 Some Comments on Orthography
10.1.2 An Interview with Marc Okrand
10.2.2 Letters to the Editor (excerpt)
10.2.4 Okrand's Notes
10.3.2 DS9 Skybox Card
10.3.3.1 Interview: Okrand on -ghach
10.3.3.2 chuvmey
10.3.4 Everyday Klingon
10.4.2.1 Interview: Okrand on {-bogh} and more
10.4.2.2 chuvmey
10.4.3.1 Everyday Klingon
10.4.3.2 Star Trek I Klingon
10.4.4 More from Maltz
10.5.1 A Note on Proverbs
10.5.2.1 More on Hoch
10.5.2.2 Everyday Klingon
10.5.2.3 chuvmey
10.5.3.1 The Tale of 'I'
10.5.3.2 Everyday Klingon
10.6.2 Everyday Klingon
10.7.2 Maltz Online
10.7.4 Interview with Marc Okrand
10.8.1 Maltz Online
10.8.3 matlh juppu' mu'mey
10.8.4.1 Maltz Online
10.8.4.2 Notes from Star Trek V
10.9.3 matlh jup mu'mey
10.9.4.1 Everyday Klingon
10.9.4.2 More from Maltz
10.10.2 A Friend of Maltz: {nItlhDu' yaDDu' je}
10.10.4 matlh juppu' mu'mey
10.11.2 matlh jup mu'mey
10.11.3.2 More From Maltz
10.11.4 Frasier's Klingon
10.12.2 Maltz's Reward: Part I
10.12.3 Maltz's Reward: Part II
10.12.4 Maltz’s Reward: Part III
10.13.1 Maltz's Reward: Part IV
Klingon has several short expressions that function as complete sentences. They are typically used as responses, commands, or strong emotional reactions.
ghobe' - No. (response to a question)
Ha' - Let's go! Come on!
HIja' or HISlaH - Yes. (response to a question)
lu' or luq - Yes. Okay. I will.
maj - Good. (expressing satisfaction)
majQa' - Very good! Well done!
nuqneH - What do you want? (common greeting)
pItlh - Done! Finished!
Qo' - No! I won't. I refuse.
SuH or Su' - Ready!
'eH - Ready!
toH - Well! So! (like "Aha!")
wejpuH - Charming. (used sarcastically)
Notes on Usage
- ghobe' and HIja'/HISlaH are most commonly used to answer questions formed by the verb suffix -'a'.
- HIja' and HISlaH (Yes) can be used interchangeably.
- nuqneH is described as a "greeting" but it does not work like "Hello" does, instead it should be used as a question when someone approaches you.
- SuH, Su', and 'eH all signal readiness, usually before giving a command (similar to "Ready! Set! Go!" in English). However, SuH and Su' (but not 'eH) can also mean the speaker is ready to perform an action or that preparations are complete.
- SuH may be pronounced as a long "SSS", like the English "shhh!" to call for silence.
- pItlh indicates an action or task has been completed, similar to saying "All done!" or "That's it!"
- toH expresses sudden realization or understanding, similar to "Aha!" or "Well then!" in English. It should not be used to start sentences like in the English "So I was walking down the path...".
Klingon Curses
Cursing in Klingon culture is considered an art form, featuring a wide range of colorful insults and general expressions of frustration.
Epithets (insults directed at people)
- petaQ
- toDSaH
- taHqeq
- yIntagh
- Qovpatlh
- ghuy'cha'
General Invective (expressions of anger or frustration)
- va / Qu'vatlh
- ghay'cha'
- baQa'
- Hu'tegh
- QI'yaH
va is a shortened form of Qu'vatlh, and both express frustration or anger. Additionally, the adverbial jay' can be used at the end of a sentence to add strong emotional intensity, often turning the phrase into an invective:
- qaStaH nuq jay' - What the #@%! is happening?