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0. Introduction - Start Here

1. The Sounds

1.1. Consonants

1.2. Vowels

1.3. Stress

2. Grammatical Sketch

2.1. Understanding Klingon Culture

2.2. Style Guide

3. Nouns

3.1. Simple Nouns

3.2. Complex Nouns

3.2.1. Compound Nouns

3.2.2. Verb plus -wI'/-ghach

3.2.3. Other complex nouns

3.3. Noun suffixes

3.3.1. Type 1: Augmentative, diminutive

3.3.2. Type 2: Number

3.3.3. Type 3: Qualification

3.3.4. Type 4: Possession/specification

3.3.5. Type 5: Syntactic markers

3.4. The noun-noun construction

3.5. Emphasizing Nouns

4. Verbs

4.1. Pronominal prefixes

4.2.1. Type 1: Oneself/one another

4.2.2. Type 2: Volition/predisposition

4.2.3. Type 3: Change/Resume

4.2.4. Type 4: Cause

4.2.5. Type 5: Indefinite subject/ability

4.2.6. Type 6: Qualification

4.2.7. Type 7: Aspect

4.2.8. Type 8: Honorific

4.2.9. Type 9: Syntactic markers

4.2.10. Relative ordering of the suffixes

4.3. Rovers

4.4. Adjectives

5. Other Kinds of Words

5.1. Pronouns

5.2. Numbers

5.2.1. Using numbers

5.2.2. Math

5.2.4. Time

5.3. Conjunctions

5.4. Adverbials

5.5. Exclamations

5.6. Names and address

6. Syntax

6.1. Basic sentences

6.2. Complex sentences

6.2.1. Compound sentences

6.2.2. Subordinate clauses

6.2.3. Relative clauses

6.2.4. Purpose clauses

6.2.5. Sentences as objects

6.2.5.1. Instead

6.2.5.2. Should/Ought to

6.2.6. Nominalizer

6.3. "To be"

6.4. Questions

6.6. Comparatives and superlatives

6.7. Placement of adverbial elements

6.8. Indirect objects

6.9. Verbs of motion

6.10. Between

6.11. With

6.12. Speaking and Quoting

6.13. Music

7. Clipped Klingon

7.1. Commands

7.2. Responses, status reports

7.3. Duress, excitement

8. Common Questions

8.1. The Cat in the Hat Problem

8.2. The Elephant I Shot In My Pajamas Problem

8.3. Multiple Adjectives

8.4. I Need To Create

8.5. Relative Clauses: What Possibilities?

8.6. Question as Object

8.7. Colors

9. HolQeD

9.1.1. Some Comments on Orthography

9.1.2. An Interview with Marc Okrand

9.2.2. Letters to the Editor (excerpt)

9.2.4. Okrand's Notes

9.3.2. DS9 Skybox Card

9.3.3.1. Interview: Okrand on -ghach

9.3.3.2. chuvmey I

9.3.4. Everyday Klingon I

9.4.2.1. Interview: Okrand on {-bogh} and more

9.4.2.2. chuvmey II

9.4.3.1. Everyday Klingon II

9.4.3.2. Star Trek I Klingon

9.4.4. More from Maltz

9.5.1. A Note on Proverbs

9.5.2.1. More on Hoch

9.5.2.2. Everyday Klingon III

9.5.2.3. chuvmey III

9.5.3.1. The Tale of 'I'

9.5.3.2. Everyday Klingon IV

9.6.2. Everyday Klingon V

9.7.2. Maltz Online I

9.7.4. Interview with Marc Okrand

9.8.1. Maltz Online II

9.8.3. matlh juppu' mu'mey

9.8.4.1. Maltz Online III

9.8.4.2. Notes from Star Trek V

9.9.3. matlh jup mu'mey

9.9.4.1. Everyday Klingon VI

9.9.4.2. More from Maltz

9.10.2. A Friend of Maltz: nItlhDu' yaDDu' je

9.10.4. matlh juppu' mu'mey

9.11.2. matlh jup mu'mey

9.11.3.2. More From Maltz

9.11.4. Frasier's Klingon

9.12.2. Maltz's Reward: Part I

9.12.3. Maltz's Reward: Part II

9.12.4. Maltz’s Reward: Part III

9.13.1. Maltz's Reward: Part IV

10. Other Canon

10.1. Expressions

10.1.1. Sayings

10.1.1.1. Replacement Proverbs

10.1.1.2. Secrecy Proverbs

10.1.1.3. Holiday Proverbs

10.1.1.4. General Proverbs

10.1.2. Idioms

10.1.3. Toasts

10.1.4. Similes

10.1.5. Other Expressions

10.2. Dialogs

10.2.1. At the Hotel

10.2.2. Sightseeing

10.2.3. At the Restaurant

10.2.4. At the bar

10.2.5. Conducting Business

10.3. paq'batlh

10.3.1. The Ground Book

10.3.2. The Force Book

10.3.3. The Impact Book

10.3.4. The Epilogue

10.4.4. poH jan

10.5.1. Okrand's message to cha'na

10.6. MSN

10.6.1.1. 1996-08-06a

10.6.1.2. 1996-08-06b

10.6.1.3. 1996-08-06c

10.6.2. 1996-11-06

10.6.3.1. 1996-11-10a

10.6.3.2. 1996-11-10b

10.6.4.1. 1996-12-12a

10.6.4.2. 1996-12-12b

11. Examples

11.1. Personal

11.1.1. Salutations and Introductions

11.1.2. Getting to Know Someone

11.1.3. Dialogs

11.2. Numbers, days, and dates

11.2.1. Numbers

11.2.2. Datesd

11.2.3. Time

11.2.4. Dialogs

14. Linguistic Terminology Glossary

14.1. Phonology: the study of speech sounds

14.1.1. Fundamental concepts

14.1.2. Sound categories

14.1.3. Suprasegmentals

14.1.4. How to make speech sounds

14.2. Morphology: the study of word formation

14.3. Grammar: the set of rules by which languages are structured

14.4. Syntax: the study on how words are combined to form sentences

14.5. Semantics: the study of meaning

14.6. Language varieties

14.7. Video Links

Noun Suffix Table

Verb Prefix Tables

Verb Suffix Table

Recently Added Words

Recently Updated Words

aliens and planets

bodily functions and fluids

elements and substances

job/vocation/avocation/person descriptor

location and movement

natural locations

random locations

rooms of a house

Age

Anatomy

On Birds

Compass Directions

Gestures

Kinship Terms

Mathematics

Numbers and Time

Qov's 5 Rules

Verbs of Speech

Beginner - Getting Started

Beginner - Introducing vI-

Beginner - Introducing -be'

Beginner - Introducing jI-

Beginner - Introducing -nIS

Beginner - Introducing bI-

Beginner - Introducing -'a'

Beginner - Introducing Da-

Intermediate - Introducing -bogh

Quiz Lists

Canon

Noncanon

Bird of Prey Poster

Idioms

Similes

Conversational Klingon

Power Klingon

Other Audio

'eSrIv

Earthlings: Ugly Bags of Mostly Water

Hallmark Commercial

Hamlet Excerpt

Magic The Gathering

Monopoly Combat Cards

Monopoly Honor Cards

Quotable Klingon Cards

paq'batlh - paqyav

Skybox Cards

Play Games

tlhInja' (Klin Zha)

moHaq Quj

mu' chon

mu'oy

mu' nagh

mu'tlhegh mIr

Subtitle Translation

Text Processor

pIqaD Maker

pIqaD in Discord

Conversational Klingon

Power Klingon

Other Audio

'eSrIv

Earthlings: Ugly Bags of Mostly Water

Hallmark Commercial

Hamlet Excerpt

Magic The Gathering

Monopoly Combat Cards

Monopoly Honor Cards

Quotable Klingon Cards

paq'batlh - paqyav

Skybox Cards

Play Games

tlhInja' (Klin Zha)

moHaq Quj

mu' chon

mu'oy

mu' nagh

mu'tlhegh mIr

Subtitle Translation

Text Processor

pIqaD Maker

pIqaD in Discord

Search Grammar

Search Grammar

Close navigation

0. Introduction - Start Here

0. Introduction - Start Here

1. The Sounds

1.1. Consonants

1.1. Consonants

1.2. Vowels

1.3. Stress

2. Grammatical Sketch

2. Grammatical Sketch

2.1. Understanding Klingon Culture

2.1. Understanding Klingon Culture

2.2. Style Guide

2.2. Style Guide

3. Nouns

3.1. Simple Nouns

3.1. Simple Nouns

3.2. Complex Nouns

3.2. Complex Nouns

3.2.1. Compound Nouns

3.2.1. Compound Nouns

3.2.2. Verb plus -wI'/-ghach

3.2.2. Verb plus -wI'/-ghach

3.2.3. Other complex nouns

3.2.3. Other complex nouns

3.3. Noun suffixes

3.3. Noun suffixes

3.3.1. Type 1: Augmentative, diminutive

3.3.1. Type 1: Augmentative, diminutive

3.3.2. Type 2: Number

3.3.2. Type 2: Number

3.3.3. Type 3: Qualification

3.3.3. Type 3: Qualification

3.3.4. Type 4: Possession/specification

3.3.4. Type 4: Possession/specification

3.3.5. Type 5: Syntactic markers

3.3.5. Type 5: Syntactic markers

3.4. The noun-noun construction

3.4. The noun-noun construction

3.5. Emphasizing Nouns

3.5. Emphasizing Nouns

4. Verbs

4.1. Pronominal prefixes

4.1. Pronominal prefixes

4.2.1. Type 1: Oneself/one another

4.2.1. Type 1: Oneself/one another

4.2.2. Type 2: Volition/predisposition

4.2.2. Type 2: Volition/predisposition

4.2.3. Type 3: Change/Resume

4.2.3. Type 3: Change/Resume

4.2.4. Type 4: Cause

4.2.4. Type 4: Cause

4.2.5. Type 5: Indefinite subject/ability

4.2.5. Type 5: Indefinite subject/ability

4.2.6. Type 6: Qualification

4.2.6. Type 6: Qualification

4.2.7. Type 7: Aspect

4.2.7. Type 7: Aspect

4.2.8. Type 8: Honorific

4.2.8. Type 8: Honorific

4.2.9. Type 9: Syntactic markers

4.2.9. Type 9: Syntactic markers

4.2.10. Relative ordering of the suffixes

4.2.10. Relative ordering of the suffixes

4.3. Rovers

4.4. Adjectives

4.4. Adjectives

5. Other Kinds of Words

5. Other Kinds of Words

5.1. Pronouns

5.2. Numbers

5.2.1. Using numbers

5.2.1. Using numbers

5.2.2. Math

5.2.4. Time

5.3. Conjunctions

5.3. Conjunctions

5.4. Adverbials

5.4. Adverbials

5.5. Exclamations

5.5. Exclamations

5.6. Names and address

5.6. Names and address

6. Syntax

6.1. Basic sentences

6.1. Basic sentences

6.2. Complex sentences

6.2. Complex sentences

6.2.1. Compound sentences

6.2.1. Compound sentences

6.2.2. Subordinate clauses

6.2.2. Subordinate clauses

6.2.3. Relative clauses

6.2.3. Relative clauses

6.2.4. Purpose clauses

6.2.4. Purpose clauses

6.2.5. Sentences as objects

6.2.5. Sentences as objects

6.2.5.1. Instead

6.2.5.1. Instead

6.2.5.2. Should/Ought to

6.2.5.2. Should/Ought to

6.2.6. Nominalizer

6.2.6. Nominalizer

6.3. "To be"

6.4. Questions

6.6. Comparatives and superlatives

6.6. Comparatives and superlatives

6.7. Placement of adverbial elements

6.7. Placement of adverbial elements

6.8. Indirect objects

6.8. Indirect objects

6.9. Verbs of motion

6.9. Verbs of motion

6.10. Between

6.11. With

6.12. Speaking and Quoting

6.12. Speaking and Quoting

6.13. Music

7. Clipped Klingon

7. Clipped Klingon

7.1. Commands

7.2. Responses, status reports

7.2. Responses, status reports

7.3. Duress, excitement

7.3. Duress, excitement

8. Common Questions

8. Common Questions

8.1. The Cat in the Hat Problem

8.1. The Cat in the Hat Problem

8.2. The Elephant I Shot In My Pajamas Problem

8.2. The Elephant I Shot In My Pajamas Problem

8.3. Multiple Adjectives

8.3. Multiple Adjectives

8.4. I Need To Create

8.4. I Need To Create

8.5. Relative Clauses: What Possibilities?

8.5. Relative Clauses: What Possibilities?

8.6. Question as Object

8.6. Question as Object

8.7. Colors

9. HolQeD

9.1.1. Some Comments on Orthography

9.1.1. Some Comments on Orthography

9.1.2. An Interview with Marc Okrand

9.1.2. An Interview with Marc Okrand

9.2.2. Letters to the Editor (excerpt)

9.2.2. Letters to the Editor (excerpt)

9.2.4. Okrand's Notes

9.2.4. Okrand's Notes

9.3.2. DS9 Skybox Card

9.3.2. DS9 Skybox Card

9.3.3.1. Interview: Okrand on -ghach

9.3.3.1. Interview: Okrand on -ghach

9.3.3.2. chuvmey I

9.3.3.2. chuvmey I

9.3.4. Everyday Klingon I

9.3.4. Everyday Klingon I

9.4.2.1. Interview: Okrand on {-bogh} and more

9.4.2.1. Interview: Okrand on {-bogh} and more

9.4.2.2. chuvmey II

9.4.2.2. chuvmey II

9.4.3.1. Everyday Klingon II

9.4.3.1. Everyday Klingon II

9.4.3.2. Star Trek I Klingon

9.4.3.2. Star Trek I Klingon

9.4.4. More from Maltz

9.4.4. More from Maltz

9.5.1. A Note on Proverbs

9.5.1. A Note on Proverbs

9.5.2.1. More on Hoch

9.5.2.1. More on Hoch

9.5.2.2. Everyday Klingon III

9.5.2.2. Everyday Klingon III

9.5.2.3. chuvmey III

9.5.2.3. chuvmey III

9.5.3.1. The Tale of 'I'

9.5.3.1. The Tale of 'I'

9.5.3.2. Everyday Klingon IV

9.5.3.2. Everyday Klingon IV

9.6.2. Everyday Klingon V

9.6.2. Everyday Klingon V

9.7.2. Maltz Online I

9.7.2. Maltz Online I

9.7.4. Interview with Marc Okrand

9.7.4. Interview with Marc Okrand

9.8.1. Maltz Online II

9.8.1. Maltz Online II

9.8.3. matlh juppu' mu'mey

9.8.3. matlh juppu' mu'mey

9.8.4.1. Maltz Online III

9.8.4.1. Maltz Online III

9.8.4.2. Notes from Star Trek V

9.8.4.2. Notes from Star Trek V

9.9.3. matlh jup mu'mey

9.9.3. matlh jup mu'mey

9.9.4.1. Everyday Klingon VI

9.9.4.1. Everyday Klingon VI

9.9.4.2. More from Maltz

9.9.4.2. More from Maltz

9.10.2. A Friend of Maltz: nItlhDu' yaDDu' je

9.10.2. A Friend of Maltz: nItlhDu' yaDDu' je

9.10.4. matlh juppu' mu'mey

9.10.4. matlh juppu' mu'mey

9.11.2. matlh jup mu'mey

9.11.2. matlh jup mu'mey

9.11.3.2. More From Maltz

9.11.3.2. More From Maltz

9.11.4. Frasier's Klingon

9.11.4. Frasier's Klingon

9.12.2. Maltz's Reward: Part I

9.12.2. Maltz's Reward: Part I

9.12.3. Maltz's Reward: Part II

9.12.3. Maltz's Reward: Part II

9.12.4. Maltz’s Reward: Part III

9.12.4. Maltz’s Reward: Part III

9.13.1. Maltz's Reward: Part IV

9.13.1. Maltz's Reward: Part IV

10. Other Canon

10. Other Canon

10.1. Expressions

10.1. Expressions

10.1.1. Sayings

10.1.1. Sayings

10.1.1.1. Replacement Proverbs

10.1.1.1. Replacement Proverbs

10.1.1.2. Secrecy Proverbs

10.1.1.2. Secrecy Proverbs

10.1.1.3. Holiday Proverbs

10.1.1.3. Holiday Proverbs

10.1.1.4. General Proverbs

10.1.1.4. General Proverbs

10.1.2. Idioms

10.1.3. Toasts

10.1.4. Similes

10.1.4. Similes

10.1.5. Other Expressions

10.1.5. Other Expressions

10.2. Dialogs

10.2.1. At the Hotel

10.2.1. At the Hotel

10.2.2. Sightseeing

10.2.2. Sightseeing

10.2.3. At the Restaurant

10.2.3. At the Restaurant

10.2.4. At the bar

10.2.4. At the bar

10.2.5. Conducting Business

10.2.5. Conducting Business

10.3. paq'batlh

10.3. paq'batlh

10.3.1. The Ground Book

10.3.1. The Ground Book

10.3.2. The Force Book

10.3.2. The Force Book

10.3.3. The Impact Book

10.3.3. The Impact Book

10.3.4. The Epilogue

10.3.4. The Epilogue

10.4.4. poH jan

10.4.4. poH jan

10.5.1. Okrand's message to cha'na

10.5.1. Okrand's message to cha'na

10.6. MSN

10.6.1.1. 1996-08-06a

10.6.1.1. 1996-08-06a

10.6.1.2. 1996-08-06b

10.6.1.2. 1996-08-06b

10.6.1.3. 1996-08-06c

10.6.1.3. 1996-08-06c

10.6.2. 1996-11-06

10.6.2. 1996-11-06

10.6.3.1. 1996-11-10a

10.6.3.1. 1996-11-10a

10.6.3.2. 1996-11-10b

10.6.3.2. 1996-11-10b

10.6.4.1. 1996-12-12a

10.6.4.1. 1996-12-12a

10.6.4.2. 1996-12-12b

10.6.4.2. 1996-12-12b

11. Examples

11.1. Personal

11.1.1. Salutations and Introductions

11.1.1. Salutations and Introductions

11.1.2. Getting to Know Someone

11.1.2. Getting to Know Someone

11.1.3. Dialogs

11.1.3. Dialogs

11.2. Numbers, days, and dates

11.2. Numbers, days, and dates

11.2.1. Numbers

11.2.1. Numbers

11.2.2. Datesd

11.2.3. Time

11.2.4. Dialogs

11.2.4. Dialogs

14. Linguistic Terminology Glossary

14. Linguistic Terminology Glossary

14.1. Phonology: the study of speech sounds

14.1. Phonology: the study of speech sounds

14.1.1. Fundamental concepts

14.1.1. Fundamental concepts

14.1.2. Sound categories

14.1.2. Sound categories

14.1.3. Suprasegmentals

14.1.3. Suprasegmentals

14.1.4. How to make speech sounds

14.1.4. How to make speech sounds

14.2. Morphology: the study of word formation

14.2. Morphology: the study of word formation

14.3. Grammar: the set of rules by which languages are structured

14.3. Grammar: the set of rules by which languages are structured

14.4. Syntax: the study on how words are combined to form sentences

14.4. Syntax: the study on how words are combined to form sentences

14.5. Semantics: the study of meaning

14.5. Semantics: the study of meaning

14.6. Language varieties

14.6. Language varieties

14.7. Video Links

14.7. Video Links

Noun Suffix Table

Noun Suffix Table

Verb Prefix Tables

Verb Prefix Tables

Verb Suffix Table

Verb Suffix Table

Recently Added Words

Recently Added Words

Recently Updated Words

Recently Updated Words

aliens and planets

aliens and planets

animals

being

bodily functions and fluids

bodily functions and fluids

body parts

buildings

city

clothing

continent

country

elements and substances

elements and substances

family

food

idiom

job/vocation/avocation/person descriptor

job/vocation/avocation/person descriptor

language

location and movement

location and movement

medical terms

music

natural locations

natural locations

plant

random locations

random locations

rank/position

rooms of a house

rooms of a house

space craft

state/province

time

verb of motion

war

weaponry

Abverb

Conjunction

Exclamation

Idiom

Name

Noun

Noun (slang)

Number

Phrase

Pronoun

Question Word

Verb

Verb (slang)

Age

Anatomy

On Birds

Compass Directions

Compass Directions

Gestures

Kinship Terms

Mathematics

Numbers and Time

Numbers and Time

Qov's 5 Rules

Verbs of Speech

Verbs of Speech

Beginner - Getting Started

Beginner - Getting Started

Beginner - Introducing vI-

Beginner - Introducing vI-

Beginner - Introducing -be'

Beginner - Introducing -be'

Beginner - Introducing jI-

Beginner - Introducing jI-

Beginner - Introducing -nIS

Beginner - Introducing -nIS

Beginner - Introducing bI-

Beginner - Introducing bI-

Beginner - Introducing -'a'

Beginner - Introducing -'a'

Beginner - Introducing Da-

Beginner - Introducing Da-

Intermediate - Introducing -bogh

Intermediate - Introducing -bogh

Quiz Lists

Canon

Noncanon

Bird of Prey Poster

Bird of Prey Poster

Idioms

Similes

Conversational Klingon

Conversational Klingon

Power Klingon

Other Audio

'eSrIv

Earthlings: Ugly Bags of Mostly Water

Earthlings: Ugly Bags of Mostly Water

Hallmark Commercial

Hallmark Commercial

Hamlet Excerpt

Magic The Gathering

Magic The Gathering

Monopoly Combat Cards

Monopoly Combat Cards

Monopoly Honor Cards

Monopoly Honor Cards

Quotable Klingon Cards

Quotable Klingon Cards

paq'batlh - paqyav

paq'batlh - paqyav

Skybox Cards

Play Games

tlhInja' (Klin Zha)

tlhInja' (Klin Zha)

moHaq Quj

mu' chon

mu'oy

mu' nagh

mu'tlhegh mIr

Subtitle Translation

Subtitle Translation

Text Processor

pIqaD Maker

pIqaD in Discord

pIqaD in Discord

Grammar

14.1.0 Phonology: the study of speech sounds

Toggle sidebar

0. Introduction - Start Here

0. Introduction - Start Here

1 The Sounds

1.1 Consonants

1.2 Vowels

1.3 Stress

1. The Sounds

1 The Sounds

1.1 Consonants

1.2 Vowels

1.3 Stress

2 Grammatical Sketch

2 Grammatical Sketch

2.1 Understanding Klingon Culture

2.1 Understanding Klingon Culture

2.2 Style Guide

2.2 Style Guide

2. Grammatical Sketch

2 Grammatical Sketch

2 Grammatical Sketch

2.1 Understanding Klingon Culture

2.1 Understanding Klingon Culture

2.2 Style Guide

2.2 Style Guide

3 Nouns

3.1 Simple Nouns

3.1 Simple Nouns

3.2 Complex Nouns

3.2 Complex Nouns

3.2.1 Compound Nouns

3.2.1 Compound Nouns

3.2.2 Verb plus -wI'/-ghach

3.2.2 Verb plus -wI'/-ghach

3.2.3 Other complex nouns

3.2.3 Other complex nouns

3.3 Noun suffixes

3.3 Noun suffixes

3.3.1 Type 1: Augmentative, diminutive

3.3.1 Type 1: Augmentative, diminutive

3.3.2 Type 2: Number

3.3.2 Type 2: Number

3.3.3 Type 3: Qualification

3.3.3 Type 3: Qualification

3.3.4 Type 4: Possession/specification

3.3.4 Type 4: Possession/specification

3.3.5 Type 5: Syntactic markers

3.3.5 Type 5: Syntactic markers

3.4 The noun-noun construction

3.4 The noun-noun construction

3.5 Emphasizing Nouns

3.5 Emphasizing Nouns

3. Nouns

3 Nouns

3.1 Simple Nouns

3.1 Simple Nouns

3.2 Complex Nouns

3.2 Complex Nouns

3.2.1 Compound Nouns

3.2.1 Compound Nouns

3.2.2 Verb plus -wI'/-ghach

3.2.2 Verb plus -wI'/-ghach

3.2.3 Other complex nouns

3.2.3 Other complex nouns

3.3 Noun suffixes

3.3 Noun suffixes

3.3.1 Type 1: Augmentative, diminutive

3.3.1 Type 1: Augmentative, diminutive

3.3.2 Type 2: Number

3.3.2 Type 2: Number

3.3.3 Type 3: Qualification

3.3.3 Type 3: Qualification

3.3.4 Type 4: Possession/specification

3.3.4 Type 4: Possession/specification

3.3.5 Type 5: Syntactic markers

3.3.5 Type 5: Syntactic markers

3.4 The noun-noun construction

3.4 The noun-noun construction

3.5 Emphasizing Nouns

3.5 Emphasizing Nouns

4 Verbs

4.1 Pronominal prefixes

4.1 Pronominal prefixes

4.2.1 Type 1: Oneself/one another

4.2.1 Type 1: Oneself/one another

4.2.2 Type 2: Volition/predisposition

4.2.2 Type 2: Volition/predisposition

4.2.3 Type 3: Change/Resume

4.2.3 Type 3: Change/Resume

4.2.4 Type 4: Cause

4.2.4 Type 4: Cause

4.2.5 Type 5: Indefinite subject/ability

4.2.5 Type 5: Indefinite subject/ability

4.2.6 Type 6: Qualification

4.2.6 Type 6: Qualification

4.2.7 Type 7: Aspect

4.2.7 Type 7: Aspect

4.2.8 Type 8: Honorific

4.2.8 Type 8: Honorific

4.2.9 Type 9: Syntactic markers

4.2.9 Type 9: Syntactic markers

4.2.10 Relative ordering of the suffixes

4.2.10 Relative ordering of the suffixes

4.3 Rovers

4.4 Adjectives

4. Verbs

4 Verbs

4.1 Pronominal prefixes

4.1 Pronominal prefixes

4.2.1 Type 1: Oneself/one another

4.2.1 Type 1: Oneself/one another

4.2.2 Type 2: Volition/predisposition

4.2.2 Type 2: Volition/predisposition

4.2.3 Type 3: Change/Resume

4.2.3 Type 3: Change/Resume

4.2.4 Type 4: Cause

4.2.4 Type 4: Cause

4.2.5 Type 5: Indefinite subject/ability

4.2.5 Type 5: Indefinite subject/ability

4.2.6 Type 6: Qualification

4.2.6 Type 6: Qualification

4.2.7 Type 7: Aspect

4.2.7 Type 7: Aspect

4.2.8 Type 8: Honorific

4.2.8 Type 8: Honorific

4.2.9 Type 9: Syntactic markers

4.2.9 Type 9: Syntactic markers

4.2.10 Relative ordering of the suffixes

4.2.10 Relative ordering of the suffixes

4.3 Rovers

4.4 Adjectives

5 Other Kinds of Words

5 Other Kinds of Words

5.1 Pronouns

5.2 Numbers

5.2.1 Using numbers

5.2.1 Using numbers

5.2.2 Math

5.2.4 Time

5.3 Conjunctions

5.3 Conjunctions

5.4 Adverbials

5.5 Exclamations

5.5 Exclamations

5.6 Names and address

5.6 Names and address

5. Other Kinds of Words

5 Other Kinds of Words

5 Other Kinds of Words

5.1 Pronouns

5.2 Numbers

5.2.1 Using numbers

5.2.1 Using numbers

5.2.2 Math

5.2.4 Time

5.3 Conjunctions

5.3 Conjunctions

5.4 Adverbials

5.5 Exclamations

5.5 Exclamations

5.6 Names and address

5.6 Names and address

6 Syntax

6.1 Basic sentences

6.1 Basic sentences

6.2 Complex sentences

6.2 Complex sentences

6.2.1 Compound sentences

6.2.1 Compound sentences

6.2.2 Subordinate clauses

6.2.2 Subordinate clauses

6.2.3 Relative clauses

6.2.3 Relative clauses

6.2.4 Purpose clauses

6.2.4 Purpose clauses

6.2.5 Sentences as objects

6.2.5 Sentences as objects

6.2.5.1 Instead

6.2.5.1 Instead

6.2.5.2 Should/Ought to

6.2.5.2 Should/Ought to

6.2.6 Nominalizer

6.2.6 Nominalizer

6.3 "To be"

6.4 Questions

6.6 Comparatives and superlatives

6.6 Comparatives and superlatives

6.7 Placement of adverbial elements

6.7 Placement of adverbial elements

6.8 Indirect objects

6.8 Indirect objects

6.9 Verbs of motion

6.9 Verbs of motion

6.10 Between

6.11 With

6.12 Speaking and Quoting

6.12 Speaking and Quoting

6.13 Music

6. Syntax

6 Syntax

6.1 Basic sentences

6.1 Basic sentences

6.2 Complex sentences

6.2 Complex sentences

6.2.1 Compound sentences

6.2.1 Compound sentences

6.2.2 Subordinate clauses

6.2.2 Subordinate clauses

6.2.3 Relative clauses

6.2.3 Relative clauses

6.2.4 Purpose clauses

6.2.4 Purpose clauses

6.2.5 Sentences as objects

6.2.5 Sentences as objects

6.2.5.1 Instead

6.2.5.1 Instead

6.2.5.2 Should/Ought to

6.2.5.2 Should/Ought to

6.2.6 Nominalizer

6.2.6 Nominalizer

6.3 "To be"

6.4 Questions

6.6 Comparatives and superlatives

6.6 Comparatives and superlatives

6.7 Placement of adverbial elements

6.7 Placement of adverbial elements

6.8 Indirect objects

6.8 Indirect objects

6.9 Verbs of motion

6.9 Verbs of motion

6.10 Between

6.11 With

6.12 Speaking and Quoting

6.12 Speaking and Quoting

6.13 Music

7 Clipped Klingon

7 Clipped Klingon

7.1 Commands

7.2 Responses, status reports

7.2 Responses, status reports

7.3 Duress, excitement

7.3 Duress, excitement

7. Clipped Klingon

7 Clipped Klingon

7 Clipped Klingon

7.1 Commands

7.2 Responses, status reports

7.2 Responses, status reports

7.3 Duress, excitement

7.3 Duress, excitement

8 Common Questions

8 Common Questions

8.1 The Cat in the Hat Problem

8.1 The Cat in the Hat Problem

8.2 The Elephant I Shot In My Pajamas Problem

8.2 The Elephant I Shot In My Pajamas Problem

8.3 Multiple Adjectives

8.3 Multiple Adjectives

8.4 I Need To Create

8.4 I Need To Create

8.5 Relative Clauses: What Possibilities?

8.5 Relative Clauses: What Possibilities?

8.6 Question as Object

8.6 Question as Object

8.7 Colors

8. Common Questions

8 Common Questions

8 Common Questions

8.1 The Cat in the Hat Problem

8.1 The Cat in the Hat Problem

8.2 The Elephant I Shot In My Pajamas Problem

8.2 The Elephant I Shot In My Pajamas Problem

8.3 Multiple Adjectives

8.3 Multiple Adjectives

8.4 I Need To Create

8.4 I Need To Create

8.5 Relative Clauses: What Possibilities?

8.5 Relative Clauses: What Possibilities?

8.6 Question as Object

8.6 Question as Object

8.7 Colors

9 HolQeD

9.1.1 Some Comments on Orthography

9.1.1 Some Comments on Orthography

9.1.2 An Interview with Marc Okrand

9.1.2 An Interview with Marc Okrand

9.2.2 Letters to the Editor (excerpt)

9.2.2 Letters to the Editor (excerpt)

9.2.4 Okrand's Notes

9.2.4 Okrand's Notes

9.3.2 DS9 Skybox Card

9.3.2 DS9 Skybox Card

9.3.3.1 Interview: Okrand on -ghach

9.3.3.1 Interview: Okrand on -ghach

9.3.3.2 chuvmey I

9.3.3.2 chuvmey I

9.3.4 Everyday Klingon I

9.3.4 Everyday Klingon I

9.4.2.1 Interview: Okrand on {-bogh} and more

9.4.2.1 Interview: Okrand on {-bogh} and more

9.4.2.2 chuvmey II

9.4.2.2 chuvmey II

9.4.3.1 Everyday Klingon II

9.4.3.1 Everyday Klingon II

9.4.3.2 Star Trek I Klingon

9.4.3.2 Star Trek I Klingon

9.4.4 More from Maltz

9.4.4 More from Maltz

9.5.1 A Note on Proverbs

9.5.1 A Note on Proverbs

9.5.2.1 More on Hoch

9.5.2.1 More on Hoch

9.5.2.2 Everyday Klingon III

9.5.2.2 Everyday Klingon III

9.5.2.3 chuvmey III

9.5.2.3 chuvmey III

9.5.3.1 The Tale of 'I'

9.5.3.1 The Tale of 'I'

9.5.3.2 Everyday Klingon IV

9.5.3.2 Everyday Klingon IV

9.6.2 Everyday Klingon V

9.6.2 Everyday Klingon V

9.7.2 Maltz Online I

9.7.2 Maltz Online I

9.7.4 Interview with Marc Okrand

9.7.4 Interview with Marc Okrand

9.8.1 Maltz Online II

9.8.1 Maltz Online II

9.8.3 matlh juppu' mu'mey

9.8.3 matlh juppu' mu'mey

9.8.4.1 Maltz Online III

9.8.4.1 Maltz Online III

9.8.4.2 Notes from Star Trek V

9.8.4.2 Notes from Star Trek V

9.9.3 matlh jup mu'mey

9.9.3 matlh jup mu'mey

9.9.4.1 Everyday Klingon VI

9.9.4.1 Everyday Klingon VI

9.9.4.2 More from Maltz

9.9.4.2 More from Maltz

9.10.2 A Friend of Maltz: nItlhDu' yaDDu' je

9.10.2 A Friend of Maltz: nItlhDu' yaDDu' je

9.10.4 matlh juppu' mu'mey

9.10.4 matlh juppu' mu'mey

9.11.2 matlh jup mu'mey

9.11.2 matlh jup mu'mey

9.11.3.2 More From Maltz

9.11.3.2 More From Maltz

9.11.4 Frasier's Klingon

9.11.4 Frasier's Klingon

9.12.2 Maltz's Reward: Part I

9.12.2 Maltz's Reward: Part I

9.12.3 Maltz's Reward: Part II

9.12.3 Maltz's Reward: Part II

9.12.4 Maltz’s Reward: Part III

9.12.4 Maltz’s Reward: Part III

9.13.1 Maltz's Reward: Part IV

9.13.1 Maltz's Reward: Part IV

9. HolQeD

9 HolQeD

9.1.1 Some Comments on Orthography

9.1.1 Some Comments on Orthography

9.1.2 An Interview with Marc Okrand

9.1.2 An Interview with Marc Okrand

9.2.2 Letters to the Editor (excerpt)

9.2.2 Letters to the Editor (excerpt)

9.2.4 Okrand's Notes

9.2.4 Okrand's Notes

9.3.2 DS9 Skybox Card

9.3.2 DS9 Skybox Card

9.3.3.1 Interview: Okrand on -ghach

9.3.3.1 Interview: Okrand on -ghach

9.3.3.2 chuvmey I

9.3.3.2 chuvmey I

9.3.4 Everyday Klingon I

9.3.4 Everyday Klingon I

9.4.2.1 Interview: Okrand on {-bogh} and more

9.4.2.1 Interview: Okrand on {-bogh} and more

9.4.2.2 chuvmey II

9.4.2.2 chuvmey II

9.4.3.1 Everyday Klingon II

9.4.3.1 Everyday Klingon II

9.4.3.2 Star Trek I Klingon

9.4.3.2 Star Trek I Klingon

9.4.4 More from Maltz

9.4.4 More from Maltz

9.5.1 A Note on Proverbs

9.5.1 A Note on Proverbs

9.5.2.1 More on Hoch

9.5.2.1 More on Hoch

9.5.2.2 Everyday Klingon III

9.5.2.2 Everyday Klingon III

9.5.2.3 chuvmey III

9.5.2.3 chuvmey III

9.5.3.1 The Tale of 'I'

9.5.3.1 The Tale of 'I'

9.5.3.2 Everyday Klingon IV

9.5.3.2 Everyday Klingon IV

9.6.2 Everyday Klingon V

9.6.2 Everyday Klingon V

9.7.2 Maltz Online I

9.7.2 Maltz Online I

9.7.4 Interview with Marc Okrand

9.7.4 Interview with Marc Okrand

9.8.1 Maltz Online II

9.8.1 Maltz Online II

9.8.3 matlh juppu' mu'mey

9.8.3 matlh juppu' mu'mey

9.8.4.1 Maltz Online III

9.8.4.1 Maltz Online III

9.8.4.2 Notes from Star Trek V

9.8.4.2 Notes from Star Trek V

9.9.3 matlh jup mu'mey

9.9.3 matlh jup mu'mey

9.9.4.1 Everyday Klingon VI

9.9.4.1 Everyday Klingon VI

9.9.4.2 More from Maltz

9.9.4.2 More from Maltz

9.10.2 A Friend of Maltz: nItlhDu' yaDDu' je

9.10.2 A Friend of Maltz: nItlhDu' yaDDu' je

9.10.4 matlh juppu' mu'mey

9.10.4 matlh juppu' mu'mey

9.11.2 matlh jup mu'mey

9.11.2 matlh jup mu'mey

9.11.3.2 More From Maltz

9.11.3.2 More From Maltz

9.11.4 Frasier's Klingon

9.11.4 Frasier's Klingon

9.12.2 Maltz's Reward: Part I

9.12.2 Maltz's Reward: Part I

9.12.3 Maltz's Reward: Part II

9.12.3 Maltz's Reward: Part II

9.12.4 Maltz’s Reward: Part III

9.12.4 Maltz’s Reward: Part III

9.13.1 Maltz's Reward: Part IV

9.13.1 Maltz's Reward: Part IV

10 Other Canon

10.1 Expressions

10.1 Expressions

10.1.1 Sayings

10.1.1.1 Replacement Proverbs

10.1.1.1 Replacement Proverbs

10.1.1.2 Secrecy Proverbs

10.1.1.2 Secrecy Proverbs

10.1.1.3 Holiday Proverbs

10.1.1.3 Holiday Proverbs

10.1.1.4 General Proverbs

10.1.1.4 General Proverbs

10.1.2 Idioms

10.1.3 Toasts

10.1.4 Similes

10.1.5 Other Expressions

10.1.5 Other Expressions

10.2 Dialogs

10.2.1 At the Hotel

10.2.1 At the Hotel

10.2.2 Sightseeing

10.2.2 Sightseeing

10.2.3 At the Restaurant

10.2.3 At the Restaurant

10.2.4 At the bar

10.2.4 At the bar

10.2.5 Conducting Business

10.2.5 Conducting Business

10.3 paq'batlh

10.3.1 The Ground Book

10.3.1 The Ground Book

10.3.2 The Force Book

10.3.2 The Force Book

10.3.3 The Impact Book

10.3.3 The Impact Book

10.3.4 The Epilogue

10.3.4 The Epilogue

10.4.4 poH jan

10.5.1 Okrand's message to cha'na

10.5.1 Okrand's message to cha'na

10.6 MSN

10.6.1.1 1996-08-06a

10.6.1.1 1996-08-06a

10.6.1.2 1996-08-06b

10.6.1.2 1996-08-06b

10.6.1.3 1996-08-06c

10.6.1.3 1996-08-06c

10.6.2 1996-11-06

10.6.2 1996-11-06

10.6.3.1 1996-11-10a

10.6.3.1 1996-11-10a

10.6.3.2 1996-11-10b

10.6.3.2 1996-11-10b

10.6.4.1 1996-12-12a

10.6.4.1 1996-12-12a

10.6.4.2 1996-12-12b

10.6.4.2 1996-12-12b

10. Other Canon

10 Other Canon

10.1 Expressions

10.1 Expressions

10.1.1 Sayings

10.1.1.1 Replacement Proverbs

10.1.1.1 Replacement Proverbs

10.1.1.2 Secrecy Proverbs

10.1.1.2 Secrecy Proverbs

10.1.1.3 Holiday Proverbs

10.1.1.3 Holiday Proverbs

10.1.1.4 General Proverbs

10.1.1.4 General Proverbs

10.1.2 Idioms

10.1.3 Toasts

10.1.4 Similes

10.1.5 Other Expressions

10.1.5 Other Expressions

10.2 Dialogs

10.2.1 At the Hotel

10.2.1 At the Hotel

10.2.2 Sightseeing

10.2.2 Sightseeing

10.2.3 At the Restaurant

10.2.3 At the Restaurant

10.2.4 At the bar

10.2.4 At the bar

10.2.5 Conducting Business

10.2.5 Conducting Business

10.3 paq'batlh

10.3.1 The Ground Book

10.3.1 The Ground Book

10.3.2 The Force Book

10.3.2 The Force Book

10.3.3 The Impact Book

10.3.3 The Impact Book

10.3.4 The Epilogue

10.3.4 The Epilogue

10.4.4 poH jan

10.5.1 Okrand's message to cha'na

10.5.1 Okrand's message to cha'na

10.6 MSN

10.6.1.1 1996-08-06a

10.6.1.1 1996-08-06a

10.6.1.2 1996-08-06b

10.6.1.2 1996-08-06b

10.6.1.3 1996-08-06c

10.6.1.3 1996-08-06c

10.6.2 1996-11-06

10.6.2 1996-11-06

10.6.3.1 1996-11-10a

10.6.3.1 1996-11-10a

10.6.3.2 1996-11-10b

10.6.3.2 1996-11-10b

10.6.4.1 1996-12-12a

10.6.4.1 1996-12-12a

10.6.4.2 1996-12-12b

10.6.4.2 1996-12-12b

11 Examples

11.1 Personal

11.1.1 Salutations and Introductions

11.1.1 Salutations and Introductions

11.1.2 Getting to Know Someone

11.1.2 Getting to Know Someone

11.1.3 Dialogs

11.2 Numbers, days, and dates

11.2 Numbers, days, and dates

11.2.1 Numbers

11.2.2 Datesd

11.2.3 Time

11.2.4 Dialogs

11. Examples

11 Examples

11.1 Personal

11.1.1 Salutations and Introductions

11.1.1 Salutations and Introductions

11.1.2 Getting to Know Someone

11.1.2 Getting to Know Someone

11.1.3 Dialogs

11.2 Numbers, days, and dates

11.2 Numbers, days, and dates

11.2.1 Numbers

11.2.2 Datesd

11.2.3 Time

11.2.4 Dialogs

14 Linguistic Terminology Glossary

14 Linguistic Terminology Glossary

14.1 Phonology: the study of speech sounds

14.1 Phonology: the study of speech sounds

14.1.1 Fundamental concepts

14.1.1 Fundamental concepts

14.1.2 Sound categories

14.1.2 Sound categories

14.1.3 Suprasegmentals

14.1.3 Suprasegmentals

14.1.4 How to make speech sounds

14.1.4 How to make speech sounds

14.2 Morphology: the study of word formation

14.2 Morphology: the study of word formation

14.3 Grammar: the set of rules by which languages are structured

14.3 Grammar: the set of rules by which languages are structured

14.4 Syntax: the study on how words are combined to form sentences

14.4 Syntax: the study on how words are combined to form sentences

14.5 Semantics: the study of meaning

14.5 Semantics: the study of meaning

14.6 Language varieties

14.6 Language varieties

14.7 Video Links

14.7 Video Links

14. Linguistic Terminology Glossary

14 Linguistic Terminology Glossary

14 Linguistic Terminology Glossary

14.1 Phonology: the study of speech sounds

14.1 Phonology: the study of speech sounds

14.1.1 Fundamental concepts

14.1.1 Fundamental concepts

14.1.2 Sound categories

14.1.2 Sound categories

14.1.3 Suprasegmentals

14.1.3 Suprasegmentals

14.1.4 How to make speech sounds

14.1.4 How to make speech sounds

14.2 Morphology: the study of word formation

14.2 Morphology: the study of word formation

14.3 Grammar: the set of rules by which languages are structured

14.3 Grammar: the set of rules by which languages are structured

14.4 Syntax: the study on how words are combined to form sentences

14.4 Syntax: the study on how words are combined to form sentences

14.5 Semantics: the study of meaning

14.5 Semantics: the study of meaning

14.6 Language varieties

14.6 Language varieties

14.7 Video Links

14.7 Video Links

14.1.0

Phonology: the study of speech sounds

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