Type 5 noun suffixes indicate the grammatical role of a noun within a sentence.
Nouns that indicate something other than the object or subject of the sentence are placed at the start of a sentence with the suffix that describes their role in it.
-Daq (locative)
This suffix shows that an action happens near, in, on, or at the location indicated by the noun. Often a noun with -Daq is placed at the start of a sentence to show where, or toward where, the rest of the sentence is happening. English translations vary based on context:
pa'Daq jIHtaH - I'm in the room. (pa' - room, jIH - I)
pa'Daq yIjaH - Go to the room! (jaH - go)
DungDaq - overhead (literally, at the area above)
mIvDaq pogh cha' - On the helmet he displays a glove (mIv - helment, pogh - glove, cha' - display)
juHwIjDaq Dochvetlh vItlhap - I will take that to my home (juH - home, Doch - thing, tlhap - take)
Note: Nouns like naDev (hereabouts), pa' (thereabouts), vogh (somewhere), and Dat (everywhere) already have locative meanings and never use -Daq.
See the next section, 3.4, for information on how to use prepositional nouns, like bIng area below and Dung area above to describe relative locations.
Certain verbs such as ghoS (approach, proceed), leng (travel), paw (arrive), 'el (enter), and jaH (go) include locative ideas in their meanings. Using -Daq with these verbs is possible, but somewhat redundant:
Duj ghoStaH - It is approaching the ship. (Duj - ship, ghoS - approach)
yuQDaq jIleng - I roam around on the planet. (yuQ - planet, leng - roam)
bIQtIqDaq jIjaH - I go along in the river. (bIQtIq - river, jaH - go)
With these verbs, -Daq can be used along with an object noun to describe more detailed movements:
DujDaq HoD pa'Daq raS ghoS nIHwI' - The thief approached the table in the captain's quarters on the ship. ( HoD - captain, pa' - room, raS - table, nIH - steal)
Literally this last sentence means On the ship, in the captain's room, the thief approaches the table.
-Daq is never used to indicate languages or times ("in Klingon," "at 10:30 PM"). For times, use constructions like qaSDI' po (in the morning), qaSDI' tuch (in the future).
-vo' (from)
This suffix indicates movement away from a location. Nouns with -vo' are placed at the start of the sentence to show away from where the rest of the sentence is happening.
pa'vo' yIjaH - Leave the room! (pa' - room, jaH - go)
yuQvo' jIleng - I roam away from the planet. (yuQ - planet, leng - roam)
SopwI'pa'vo' vutpa' 'el 'aj - The admiral entered the kitchen from the mess hall. (SopwI'pa' - mess hall, vutpa' - kitchen, 'el - enter, 'aj - admiral)
-mo' (due to, because of)
This suffix explains the reason or cause of an action. Nouns with -mo' are placed at the start of the sentence to explain why the rest of the sentence is happening:
SuSmo' joqtaH - It is fluttering due to the breeze. (SuS - breeze, joq - flutter)
neghmo' rIQ HoD - The captain was injured because of the soldiers. (negh - soldiers, rIQ - be injured)
-vaD (for, intended for)
This suffix shows the beneficiary or intended recipient of the action. Nouns with -vaD are placed at the start of the sentence to show who the action is being done for, or who will gain something as a result of the action. In this context, gain does not have to be positive.
Qu'vaD lI' De'vam - This information is useful for the mission. (Qu' - mission, lI' - useful, De' - information)
HoDvaD nISwI' nob la' - The commander gives the disruptor to the captain. (nISwI' - disruptor, nob - give, la' - commander)
chaHvaD nIb yan wIjwI' jan je - They cannot distinguish a sword from a plow. (chaH - they, nIb - be identical, yan - sword, wIjwI' - farmer, jan - device, je - and (joining nouns))
This last sentence literally means "To/for them, a sword and a famer's device are identical."
-'e' (topic)
This suffix has several uses.
When used on a subject or object noun it emphasizes the noun as the main topic or focus of the sentence:
jIlujpu' jIH'e' - I, and only I, have failed. (luj - to lose, jIH - me)
De''e' vItlhapnISpu' - It was the information that I needed. (De' - information, tlhap - take)
Without -'e', no noun is specifically emphasized.
jIlujpu' jIH - I have failed.
De' vItlhapnISpu' - I needed the information.
Nouns with -'e' can also be placed at the start of a sentence to show the general topic of the sentence. This is useful to explicitly change topics during conversations:
For additional uses of -'e', see section 6.3.
